Have you ever experienced severe abdominal pain, vomiting, or a bloated stomach that doesn’t go away? It could be more than just indigestion. One possible cause could be intestinal obstruction — a potentially serious and life-threatening condition that requires timely medical attention.
As a General Surgeon at Chetna Hospital, Chinchwad, I, Dr. Dhananjay Patil, often see patients suffering from intestinal blockage who arrive late because they underestimated their symptoms. Early detection and appropriate treatment — often surgical — can make a major difference in recovery and outcome.
This blog aims to raise awareness about this medical emergency — what it is, how it happens, what to look for, and when surgery is necessary.
What is Intestinal Obstruction?
Intestinal obstruction is a condition where the normal flow of contents through the intestine (small or large bowel) is blocked, either partially or completely. This obstruction can prevent food, fluids, and gas from moving through, leading to a buildup that causes pain, swelling, and sometimes severe complications.
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
There are two major types of obstruction:
1. Mechanical Obstruction
This is when something physically blocks the intestine.
Causes include:
- Hernias – where a part of the intestine bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles.
- Adhesions – scar tissue from previous surgeries.
- Tumors – cancerous or benign growths inside or near the intestine.
- Volvulus – twisting of the intestine.
- Intussusception – when one part of the intestine slides into another, common in children.
2. Functional Obstruction (Ileus)
In this type, there is no physical blockage, but the muscles or nerves in the intestine stop working properly, causing a blockage-like effect.
Causes include:
- Post-surgical complications
- Infections inside the abdomen
- Use of certain medications
- Neurological or muscular disorders
Symptoms of Intestinal Obstruction
The symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of the blockage but typically include:
- Severe abdominal pain or cramping
- Bloating or distension of the abdomen
- Nausea and vomiting (may include bile or fecal matter)
- Constipation or inability to pass gas
- Loss of appetite
- Fever and rapid heartbeat (if infection sets in)
Why Is Intestinal Obstruction Dangerous?
If left untreated, the blockage can cut off the blood supply to part of the intestine. This may cause that part to die (necrosis), leading to perforation (a hole in the intestine), severe infection (peritonitis), or sepsis, which can be fatal.
This is why intestinal obstruction is considered a surgical emergency in many cases.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you are experiencing severe or persistent abdominal pain, especially with vomiting and bloating, you should not ignore it. These are red flags. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the higher the chances of avoiding serious complications.
At Chetna Hospital, Chinchwad, we advise patients to consult a General Surgeon without delay when experiencing such symptoms.
Diagnosis of Intestinal Obstruction
To confirm the diagnosis, the following tests are typically done:
- Physical examination – to check for tenderness, swelling, or abnormal bowel sounds
- Abdominal X-ray – may show gas and fluid buildup
- CT scan – provides a detailed image of the intestines to locate the blockage
- Ultrasound – especially useful in children
- Blood tests – to assess for infection, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance
Treatment of Intestinal Obstruction
Treatment depends on the severity, location, and type of obstruction.
🔹 Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment
If the blockage is partial or caused by a functional issue (like post-surgical ileus), treatment may include:
- IV fluids to prevent dehydration
- Nasogastric tube to relieve pressure from the stomach
- Bowel rest (no food by mouth)
- Monitoring with regular scans
This approach is carefully supervised and often effective in mild cases.
🔹 Surgical Treatment
Surgery is needed in cases where:
- The obstruction is complete
- There is a risk of bowel necrosis or perforation
- Conservative treatment fails
- The cause is mechanical and not correctable otherwise
Surgical options include:
- Laparoscopic surgery – minimally invasive technique for faster recovery
- Open surgery – for complicated or emergency cases
- Bowel resection – removing a dead or damaged portion of the intestine
- Hernia repair or tumor removal
At Chetna Hospital, we perform both laparoscopic and open surgeries based on each patient’s condition.
Post-Surgery Care
After surgery, patients are monitored for:
- Return of bowel function
- Signs of infection or complications
- Nutrition and hydration
- Pain management
Most patients recover well if treated promptly, with hospital stays ranging from a few days to a week.
Preventing Recurrence
While not all causes can be prevented, the following can help:
- Avoid unnecessary abdominal surgeries to reduce adhesions
- Get early treatment for hernias
- Manage chronic constipation
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in fiber
Final Thoughts
Intestinal obstruction is not something to be taken lightly. It can progress quickly and become a life-threatening emergency. Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking medical care immediately can prevent severe complications.
As a General Surgeon at Chetna Hospital, I strongly urge anyone experiencing persistent or severe abdominal symptoms to come for a consultation without delay. Modern surgical techniques and early intervention can offer safe and effective treatment with excellent outcomes.
For Consultation Contact us on 8390861787 / 9158681123
Website – www.chetnahospital.co.in
Address – Chetna Hospital, Sambhajinagar, MIDC, G Block, Near Rotary Club, Chinchwad 411019
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